FIGURE 22. Ontogeny of testicular AMH production. In the mammalian fetal testis, AMH expression is triggered by the increase of SOX9 levels. It is not prevented by the rise of intratesticular levels of testosterone because fetal Sertoli cells do not express the androgen receptor (AR). After birth the number of Sertoli cells expressing the AR progressively increases. At puberty, when testosterone increases again, AR is present and AMH production is inhibited.