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	ROLE OF REDUCED ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN PROMOTING OBESITY
	Animal Studies
	Human Studies
	MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND ITS REGULATION
	Categories of Energy Expenditure
	Origin of Energy Expenditure - a Thermodynamic Perspective
	Reactions in Energy Metabolism are Coupled
	Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1): The prototypical uncoupler
	Futile Cycles
	Energy Expenditure is Regulated by the Brain
	Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
	Thermogenic Target Tissues of the Sympathetic Nervous System - Mice versus Humans
	Target Genes within Tissues Mediating Thermogenesis (UCP1 and PGC-1)
	SUMMARY