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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Characteristics of the Aging Process Relevant to Lipid Intervention
Physiologic characteristics of aging:
Socio-economic characteristics of aging:
Ethical considerations in the very old:
LIPOPROTEINS & AGING
Biochemistry and Metabolism of Lipoproteins
Chylomicron metabolism:
VLDL metabolism:
LDL metabolism:
HDL metabolism:
Lipoprotein (a):
Changes of Lipoproteins with Aging
LIPIDS, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND AGING
Total Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol and Non-HDL Cholesterol as Risk Factors
Other Lipids and Lipoproteins as Risk Factors
Inflammatory Markers as Risk Factors
LIPID INTERVENTION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION
Lifestyle Changes and Lipoproteins
Lipid Lowering Drugs and Cardiovascular Risk
Statins
PPAR activators
Bile Acid Binding Resins
Niacin
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Omega-3 fatty acids
Combination therapy
LIPID LOWERING DRUGS AND CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION
Statin Cardiovascular Clinical Trials
Frailty, the unexplored territory
Pathohysiology, epidemiology ans clinical aspects
Statins in patients with ESRD and CHF
Cholesterol lowering in patients with vascular calcification
STATIN CLINICAL TRIALS WITH OUTCOMES OTHER THAN CARDIOVASCULAR ACUTE EVENTS
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Preoperative use
Renal endpoints
Anti-inflammatory effects
Anti-arrhythmic effects
Prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
CARDIOASCULAR TRIALS WITH OTHER LIPID LOWERING DRUGS
Fibrates
Niacin
Lovaza
Probucol
TREATMENT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA-INDUCED PANCREATITIS
Diet
Insulin and Heparin
Plasmpheresis
Fibric Acid Derivatives
Niacin
Fish Oil
Anti-oxidants
Acipimox
SAFETY OF LIPID LOWERING DRUGS IN THE ELDERLY
Pathophysiology of Drug Interaction and Toxicity
Muscle toxicity of lipid lowering drugs
Myalgia
Elevation of CK levels without symptoms
Myopathy
Rhabdomyolysis
Hepatotoxicity of lipid lowering drugs
Other toxicity of lipid lowering drugs
Renal toxicity
Central and peripheral nervous system
Cancer and lipid lowering drugs
Risk attributable to drug interaction
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRESCRIBING LIPID LOWERING DRUGS FOR THE ELDERLY
SHOULD LIPID LOWERING DRUGS BE PRESCRIBED FOR THE ELDERLY?
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRESCRIBING LIPID LOWERING DRUGS FOR THE ELDERLY
SHOULD LIPID LOWERING DRUGS BE PRESCRIBED FOR THE ELDERLY?